Glass melting furnaces for glass production have many different names according to different classification methods. Today we will talk about this.
1. Classification according to production capacity
Including intermittent crucible kiln and continuous tank kiln.
① Crucible kiln A crucible is placed in the kiln, and a thermal equipment that melts batch materials into glass in the crucible. Its structure mainly includes kiln, crucible, combustion equipment (fire box), heat exchanger, leakage pit, flue and chimney.
There are 8 to 12 crucibles in the kiln. The batch materials can be added to each crucible in 3 to 5 batches. The batch material can be formed after the melting, clarification and cooling process is completed in the crucible. After the forming is finished, the batch materials are added in batches to proceed to the next cycle of melting. The melting cycle of the crucible kiln is generally one day and night, that is, from the first feeding to the end of forming the batch of crucible materials. For glass with higher melting temperature, the melting time can be appropriately extended, but this will affect the melting, clarification and forming of other crucibles.
The advantages of the crucible kiln are that compared with the tank kiln, it has simple structure, low cost, fast construction, and is suitable for rapid production; the melting system is easy to adjust, and mechanical stirring can be used; it can produce glass with good uniformity and high quality; The adaptability is strong, and the material can be changed at any time; at the same time, several kinds of glass with similar properties and melting systems are melted in different crucibles.
The shortcomings of the crucible kiln are small output and low thermal efficiency; it is not easy to mechanize, the utilization rate of glass is low, and the production efficiency is not high; the crucible manufacturing is complicated, and the labor intensity of changing the crucible is relatively high.
Crucible kiln is suitable for producing glass with small quantity, many varieties, high product quality requirements or special properties.
②Pool kiln is a glass melting furnace that can be operated continuously. Its structure mainly includes melting pool, cooling pool, channel, feeding pool, regenerator (heat exchanger), flue and chimney.
Compared with the crucible kiln, the tank kiln has the following characteristics: There are obvious hot spots and bubble boundary positions; the feeding and discharging processes are continuous operations; the five stages of the entire glass melting process have more obvious distribution areas in the tank kiln ; The tank kiln covers a large area; the requirements for plant facilities and power matching are high; the investment scale is large; it is suitable for the production of single varieties and larger batches of products; the thermal efficiency is higher; it is conducive to mechanization and automated production; it is beneficial to the kiln Combustion: automatic control of temperature, kiln pressure, liquid level, feeding, etc. can be realized.
2. Classified by heat source used
Divided into flame kiln, electric kiln, flame-electric kiln.
①The flame kiln uses burning fuel as the source of heat energy. The fuel can be coal, gas, natural gas and heavy oil.
②Electric kiln (electric furnace) uses electric energy as the source of heat energy. According to the method of heat generation and the method of transferring heat to molten glass, it is divided into three types: resistance furnace, electric arc furnace and induction furnace.
③Flame-electric heating kiln uses fuel as the main heat source and electric energy as the auxiliary heat source.
3. Classified by continuity of melting process
① Continuous type The various stages of melting are carried out at the same time and at different parts of the kiln at the same time, and the temperature system of the kiln is stable.
②Batch type The various stages of melting are carried out sequentially at the same part of the kiln at different times, and the temperature system of the kiln changes periodically.
4. Classified by flue gas waste heat recovery equipment
① Regenerative heat recovery of flue gas waste heat according to the heat storage method, while preheating the air or producer gas, the preheating temperature reaches 900~1200℃, the thermal efficiency is 25%~35%, the reversing equipment is required, and the temperature fluctuates.
②The heat exchange type recovers the waste heat of the flue gas according to the heat exchange method, the heat transfer is stable, the flame does not change direction, the operation is stable, the temperature in the kiln is stable, but the heat exchanger is easy to leak, the air preheats up to 700-900 ℃, and the metal heat exchange Below
600°C.
5. Classification according to the flow direction of the flame in the kiln
① Horizontal flame The flame in the kiln flows horizontally and perpendicular to the flow direction of the molten glass, and there are more than 2 pairs of small furnaces.
② Horseshoe flame The flame in the kiln flows like a horseshoe.
③Vertical flame kiln The flame in the kiln flows longitudinally, parallel to the flow direction of the molten glass, generally downstream, but also countercurrent.
6. Classified by flame space separation form
①No separation: The flame space between the melting pool and the working pool is completely connected.
②Semi-separated The flame space between the melting pool and the working pool is partially separated, with lattice walls, low chute, hanging walls and other forms.
③Full separation: The flame space between the melting pool and the working pool is completely separated.
7. Classified by glass liquid separation form
①Liuyedong pool kiln The melting pool and the working pool are separated by the flow hole.
② No-liquid cavern kiln The molten glass between the melting pool and the working pool is not separated at all.
8. Classified by kiln size
① Kiln output
Large-scale kiln (daily production of molten glass greater than 150t), medium-sized kiln (daily production of molten glass 50-100t), small kiln (daily production of molten glass less than 50t).
②Melting area
The melting area of ??large kilns is greater than 60 square meters, medium kilns are 31 to 59 square meters, and small kilns are less than 30 square meters.
9. Classified by product
① Daily kiln
It produces glass products such as bottles and cans, utensils, thermos bottles, instruments, medical, electric vacuum, etc.
②Plate kiln
Production of flat, embossed, and wire-filled architectural glass. Including float glass furnace, lead glass furnace, flat drawn glass furnace, calendered glass furnace.
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