Classification of glass kilns
Glass kilns are a common type of glass melting furnace. Since the batch materials are melted into glass liquid in the trough-shaped pool of this kiln, it is called a kiln.
1. According to the manufactured products, it is mainly divided into:
1. Flat glass kiln;
2. Daily glass kiln.
2. According to the molding method, it is mainly divided into:
1. Float glass kiln;
2. Flat pull glass kiln;
3. Vertical lead glass kiln.
3. According to the heat source used for melting glass, it can be divided into:
1. Flame kiln, which uses burning fuel as the source of heat energy;
2. Electric kiln, which uses electricity as the source of heat energy;
3. Flame electric kiln, which uses fuel as the main source of heat energy and electricity as the auxiliary source of heat energy.
4. According to the continuity of the melting process, it is mainly divided into:
1. Intermittent kiln, in which each stage of glass melting is carried out in the same part of the kiln at different times, and the temperature system of the kiln is variable;
2. Continuous kiln, in which each stage of glass melting is carried out in different parts of the kiln at the same time, and the temperature system of the kiln is stable.
5. According to the flue gas waste heat recovery equipment, it is mainly divided into:
1. Regenerative kiln, that is, the flue gas waste heat is recovered by heat storage;
2. Heat exchange kiln, that is, the flue gas waste heat is recovered by heat.
6. According to the direction of the flame flow in the kiln, it is mainly divided into:
1. Horizontal flame kiln, that is, the flame in the kiln flows horizontally, perpendicular to the direction of glass flow, and most large glass kilns in my country are of this form;
2. Horseshoe flame kiln, that is, the flame in the kiln flows in a horseshoe shape, mostly used in medium and small glass kilns;
3. Vertical flame kiln, that is, the flame in the kiln flows longitudinally, parallel to the direction of glass liquid flow.
Masonry sequence and method of glass melting furnace
(1) On the basis of qualified acceptance of the steel structure of the pool bottom, the center lines of the relevant feeding ports, front and rear rows of bubbles and each drawing plate on the forming passage are laid out according to the kiln construction baseline and the kiln center line.
(2) Masonry of the pool bottom, including the passage bottom. After laying the insulation bricks and kaolin bricks, widen the inside and outside of the pool wall by 30-50mm for leveling. The multi-layer underground structure must be controlled according to the negative deviation of the elevation during masonry, and the allowable deviation of the total thickness of the pool bottom is generally -3mm. A layer of chrome ramming material is laid on the kaolin bricks at the bottom of the pool as a sealing layer to prevent the glass liquid from penetrating into the clay brick layer with poor corrosion resistance.
(3) Masonry of the pool wall, including the passage pool wall. The bottom bricks of the pool wall must be level, otherwise the bottom bricks of this part must be processed until the requirements are met. When laying bricks for multi-layer pool walls, the inside should be laid first and then the outside. The dimensions of the furnace should be ensured. It is strictly forbidden to face the cut surface of the bricks towards the furnace. The corners should be laid with staggered joints and the verticality should be strictly maintained.
(4) Lifting columns. Take temporary measures to stabilize the columns, and then install the slag angle steel according to the design requirements. The columns and slag angle steel must be close together, and the elevation should be determined at the same time.
(5) Laying down the arch. Make the arch base, and after the arch frame is subjected to the load settlement test and the corresponding size inspection, the arch is laid from both sides to the center at the same time, and continuous operation is required. The insulation layer of the arch is constructed after the kiln is baked.
(6) Laying down the breast wall, front wall, rear wall and passage flame space. The laying of the breast wall should be carried out after carefully checking that the bracket, support plate and support frame are installed properly. When laying the hook bricks and breast wall bricks, measures should be taken to prevent them from tipping into the kiln.
(7) Laying down the flue and chimney. The masonry must be carried out after the debris in the kiln is cleared and vacuumed. The masonry of the furnace flue and chimney must be coordinated with the metal heat exchanger. The passage chimney must be built after the passage is built.
(8) There are two masonry methods: dry masonry and wet masonry.
1. Dry masonry parts: the bottom and wall of the melting part and the passage, the hook bricks in the flame space, the arch bricks of the melting part and the flue, the electric melting brick masonry and the passage roof bricks.
2. Wet masonry parts: the side walls and arch top of the melting part flame space, the insulation bricks of the flue, chimney and kiln. The mud used for wet masonry should be prepared according to the refractory bricks used.
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